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The Nobel Foundation ((スウェーデン語:Nobelstiftelsen)) is a private institution founded on 29 June 1900 to manage the finances and administration of the Nobel Prizes.〔 〕 The Foundation is based on the last will of Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite.〔 〕 It also holds Nobel Symposia on important breakthroughs in science and topics of cultural or social significance. == History == (詳細はStockholm Sweden, was a chemist, engineer, innovator, armaments manufacturer and the inventor of dynamite. He owned Bofors, a major armaments manufacturer, which he had redirected from its original business as an iron and steel mill. Nobel held 355 different patents, dynamite being the most famous. Nobel amassed a sizeable personal fortune during his lifetime, thanks mostly to this invention. In 1896 Nobel died of a stroke in his villa in San Remo, Italy where he had lived out the last years of his life.〔AFP, ("Alfred Nobel's last will and testament" ), ''The Local''(5 October 2009): accessed 14 January 2009.〕 Nobel's will expressed a request, to the surprise of many,〔 that his money be used for prizes in physics, chemistry, peace, physiology or medicine and literature.〔 Though Nobel wrote several wills during his lifetime, the last was written a little over a year before he died, and signed at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris on 27 November 1895.〔http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=xu7j67w616m06488&size=largest〕 Nobel bequeathed 94% of his total assets, 31 million Swedish ''kronor'', to establish and endow the five Nobel Prizes.〔("The Will of Alfred Nobel" ), ''nobelprize.org''. Retrieved 6 November 2007.〕 (As of 2008 that equates to 186 million US dollars.) The executors of his will were Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist who formed the Nobel Foundation to take care of Nobel's fortune and organize the prizes.〔("Nobel Prize )" (2007), in ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', accessed 15 January 2009, from ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'': 〕 Although Nobel's will established the prizes, his plan was incomplete and, because of various other hurdles, it took five years before the Nobel Foundation could be established and the first prizes could be awarded on 10 December 1901 to, among others, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen.〔〔"First Nobel Prizes: December 10, 1901", ''(This Day in History )'', ''The History Channel''. Retrieved 30 July 2006.〕 As of December 31, 2007, the assets controlled by the Nobel Foundation amounted to 3.628 billion Swedish ''kronor'' (approx. $560 million US Dollars).〔〔("Financial Management" )''nobelprize.org''. Retrieved 14 October 2009.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Nobel Foundation ((スウェーデン語:Nobelstiftelsen)) is a private institution founded on 29 June 1900 to manage the finances and administration of the Nobel Prizes. The Foundation is based on the last will of Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite.It also holds Nobel Symposia on important breakthroughs in science and topics of cultural or social significance.== History ==(詳細はAlfred Nobelを参照), born on 21 October 1833 in Stockholm Sweden, was a chemist, engineer, innovator, armaments manufacturer and the inventor of dynamite. He owned Bofors, a major armaments manufacturer, which he had redirected from its original business as an iron and steel mill. Nobel held 355 different patents, dynamite being the most famous. Nobel amassed a sizeable personal fortune during his lifetime, thanks mostly to this invention. In 1896 Nobel died of a stroke in his villa in San Remo, Italy where he had lived out the last years of his life.AFP, ("Alfred Nobel's last will and testament" ), ''The Local''(5 October 2009): accessed 14 January 2009.Nobel's will expressed a request, to the surprise of many, that his money be used for prizes in physics, chemistry, peace, physiology or medicine and literature. Though Nobel wrote several wills during his lifetime, the last was written a little over a year before he died, and signed at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris on 27 November 1895.http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=xu7j67w616m06488&size=largest Nobel bequeathed 94% of his total assets, 31 million Swedish ''kronor'', to establish and endow the five Nobel Prizes.("The Will of Alfred Nobel" ), ''nobelprize.org''. Retrieved 6 November 2007. (As of 2008 that equates to 186 million US dollars.)The executors of his will were Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist who formed the Nobel Foundation to take care of Nobel's fortune and organize the prizes.("Nobel Prize )" (2007), in ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', accessed 15 January 2009, from ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'': Although Nobel's will established the prizes, his plan was incomplete and, because of various other hurdles, it took five years before the Nobel Foundation could be established and the first prizes could be awarded on 10 December 1901 to, among others, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen."First Nobel Prizes: December 10, 1901", ''(This Day in History )'', ''The History Channel''. Retrieved 30 July 2006. As of December 31, 2007, the assets controlled by the Nobel Foundation amounted to 3.628 billion Swedish ''kronor'' (approx. $560 million US Dollars).("Financial Management" )''nobelprize.org''. Retrieved 14 October 2009.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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